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''Ibis'' is a curse poem by the Latin poet Ovid, written during his years in exile across the Black Sea for an offense against Augustus. It is "a stream of violent but extremely learned abuse," modeled on a lost poem of the same title by the Greek Alexandrian poet Callimachus.〔Oliver Taplin, ''Literature in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A New Perspective'' (Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 437 (online. )〕 The object of the poet's curses is left unnamed except for the pseudonym "Ibis", and no scholarly consensus has been reached as to whom this pseudonym might refer. Titus Labienus, Caninius Rebilus, and Ovid's erstwhile friend Sabinus have been proposed, as well as the possibility that "Ibis" might refer to more than one person.〔Martin Helzle, "Ibis," in ''A Companion to Ovid'', edited by Peter E. Knox (Blackwell, 2009), p. 185 (online. )〕 The 644-line poem, like all Ovid's extant work except the ''Metamorphoses'',〔The ''Metamorphoses'' is written in dactylic hexameter; the first line of a Latin elegiac couplet is dactylic hexameter, however, so the ''Metamorphoses'' itself is not a metrical exception in Ovid's extant work. His lost tragedy ''Medea'' presumably used other measures.〕 is written in elegiac couplets. It is thus an unusual, though not unique, example of invective poetry in antiquity written in elegiac form rather than the more common iambics or hendecasyllabics.〔Helzle, "Ibis," p. 184.〕 The incantatory nature of the curses in the ''Ibis'' has sometimes led to comparisons with curse tablets (''defixiones''), though Ovid's are elaborately literary in expression.〔Gareth D. Williams, "On Ovid's ''Ibis'': A Poem in Context," in ''Oxford Readings in Ovid'' (Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 447, note 12 (online. ) and Andreas Dorschel, "Entwurf einer Theorie des Fluchens", ''Variations'' 23 (2015), § 24, pp. 167-175, p. 173.〕 Drawing on the encyclopedic store of knowledge he demonstrated in the ''Metamorphoses'' and his other work — from memory, as he had few books with him in exile — Ovid threatens his enemy with a veritable catalogue of "gruesome and mutually incompatible fates" that befell various figures from myth and history,〔E.J. Kenney, ''Latin Literature'' (Cambridge University Press, 1982, reprinted 1996), p. 454 (online. )〕 including a Thyestean banquet of human flesh. He declares that even if he dies in exile, his ghost will rise and rend Ibis's flesh.〔John Kerrigan, ''Revenge Tragedy: Aeschyus to Armageddon'' (Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 129 (online. )〕 The ''Ibis'' attracted a large number of scholia, and was widely disseminated and referenced in Renaissance literature.〔R. Ellis, "On the Ibis of Ovid," ''Journal of Philology'' 7 (1877) 244–255, full text (online. )〕 In his annotated translation (1577), Thomas Underdowne found in ''Ibis'' a reference guide to "all manner of vices punished, all offences corrected, and all misdeedes reuenged."〔Kerrigan, ''Revenge Tragedy'', p. 131.〕 An English translator noted that "a full reference to each of the allusions to be found in this poem would suffice to fill a small volume."〔Henry T. Riley, "The Invective Against the Ibis," in ''The Fasti, Tristia, Pontic Epistles, Ibis, and Halieuticon of Ovid, Literally Translated into English Prose'' (London 1885), pp. 475ff.〕 ==Texts and translations== The ''editio princeps'' of Ovid's complete works, including the ''Ibis'', was published in Italy in 1471. Full-text versions of the following 19th-century Latin editions and English translations of the ''Ibis'' are available online. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ibis (Ovid)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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